Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer

Tryptophan metabolism, via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and microbial transformation of tryptophan to indolic compounds are fundamental for host health; both which altered in colon carcinogenesis. Alterations metabolism begin early carcinogenesis as an adaptive mechanism tumor escape immune surveillance metastasize. The community is a key part microenvironment influences cancer initiation, promotion treatment response. A growing awareness impact microbiome on (Trp) context has prompted this review. We first compare different metabolic pathways Trp under normal cellular physiology carcinogenesis, cells microbiome. Second, we review how microbiome, specifically indoles, influence oncogenic metabolism. conclude by proposing several dietary, drug therapeutic modalities that can be utilized combination abrogate tumorigenesis.